Theoretically in the future, it will be possible to build a Dyson’s Sphere. But it wont be a sphere but actually a Dyson Swarm.
A Dyson Swarm could be built by placing smaller solar sail probes built with very strong/sturdy materials that can last for many years and can resist the suns heat.
At a distance of 60–80 million miles away from the sun, we could setup Dyson Swarms. From hundreds to thousands to eventually millions of small panel reflected mirrors that would collect energy and redirected it back to Earth safely. This would seem like a daunting task in todays time but might become a reality in the future.
It wont cover-up the entire sun like a Dyson sphere but instead it would look like small orbital rings.
A Dyson Sphere is impossible at the moment to build because all the material needed to build this monumental feat would require all materials from the solar system to be made. However, a Dyson Swarm would be possible focusing on creating a ring or smaller shape that can harvest the suns energy, with time, this technology could be powerful enough to power up artificial biodome on Mars, Moon colony, Earth, and even artificial megastructures in space.
Our civilization would need to become a type 1.0 to 2.5 civilization on the Kardashev scale to achieve such a feat. (currently we are a 0.7 on the Kardashev scale).
We would need to have achieved a 3d printing on a larger scale to mass-produce this.
Nanotechnology might play a pivotal role in shaping and mass producing this on a larger scale. With nanotechnology we would need to build a material that is 100x stronger than Graphene and/or 0.1mm thick.
We would also need to have achieved asteroid mining in order to mine and extract materials for Dyson Swarms.
We could setup a moon base/station that can mass produce this on a larger scale (with robots and probes) and send it to the orbit in regards to the sun. However, A Type 2 civilization would have already established a sustainable colony in space; building a Dyson Swarm and harnessing the energy from the sun wouldn’t be much of a problem.
As the infrastructure in space is increasing, the cost of building the Dyson Swarm will also decrease.
Things we would have to worry about are:
-Suns intense solar flares
-Cost of Materials and assembling them
-Magnetic Field disruption of Earth (due to suns heat and location of Dyson Swarms)
-Asteroids/Meteor impact/collision
-Harvesting enough materials to effectively build Dyson Swarms.
-How to extract and harness suns energy and redirect to Earth (safely)
-Space debris
-Correct alignment (since Earth is always spinning around the sun)
It is not impossible to build a Dyson Swarm around the sun, we just need to wait for more time in order for this technology to catch up. Currently, the closest we have is Star Link satellites in orbit around Earth.
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